Magnolia

Magnolia grandiflora

Magnolia is an evergreen ornamental tree prized for glossy leaves and large fragrant white flowers. It is commonly grown as a specimen or screen in temperate climates.

Key Facts

  • Large evergreen tree known as southern magnolia.
  • Glossy leathery leaves often with rusty brown undersides.
  • Showy fragrant white bowl shaped flowers in late spring to summer.
  • Native to the southeastern United States.
  • Frequently used as a specimen tree and for screening.
  • Numerous cultivars exist ranging from compact to very large.
  • Tolerates clay and some drought once established.

Magnolia is a large evergreen tree prized for glossy leathery leaves and large fragrant white bowl shaped flowers. It is commonly planted as a specimen or for screening where there is room for a broad, dense canopy.

Identification

Leaves are glossy and leathery with rusty brown undersides that remain through winter. Large fragrant white bowl shaped flowers appear in late spring to summer and stand out against dark foliage. The species is native to the southeastern United States and there are many cultivars ranging from compact forms to very large trees.

Best uses and where to grow

Use as a specimen tree near lawns or focal beds and for dense evergreen screening along property lines. Magnolia grows best in full sun to partial shade and flowers more in sunnier sites. It is commonly grown in USDA zones 7 to 9 but check cultivar hardiness for colder or warmer areas.

Planting and spacing

Allow room for a mature canopy that typically spreads 20 to 40 feet and can reach 20 to 80 feet tall depending on cultivar and site. Give young trees space from structures and other trees to avoid crowding and root competition. Plan planting locations with mature size in mind to reduce later heavy pruning.

Soil and watering

Prefers moist, well drained slightly acidic to neutral soil and tolerates clay when drainage is adequate. Avoid sites with prolonged waterlogging because poor drainage can cause root loss and decline. Water regularly while the tree is establishing and reduce frequency once established since many magnolias tolerate some drought.

After flowering care and pruning

Remove dead or damaged wood and prune sparingly to preserve the natural form. Pruning influences mature height and shape so light shaping is usually better than severe cutting back. Maintain a layer of mulch to conserve soil moisture and reduce stress on roots.

Propagation

Magnolia can be grown from seed and from vegetative methods such as grafting, semi ripe cuttings and air layering. Named cultivars are commonly grafted to preserve desired traits because seed grown plants often do not come true. Semi ripe cuttings root better with rooting hormone and misting or bottom heat.

Frequently asked questions

How fast does Magnolia grow?
Growth rate varies by cultivar and site. Some varieties stay compact while others reach 20 to 80 feet over many years. Check the nursery tag or cultivar description for specific growth rates.
Is Magnolia hardy in my area?
Magnolia grandiflora is commonly grown in USDA zones 7 to 9. Certain cultivars are bred for colder or warmer areas so confirm hardiness for the selected variety before planting.
When does Magnolia bloom?
Flowers appear in late spring and into summer. Exact months depend on local climate and latitude and warmer areas may see an earlier or extended bloom window.
Is Magnolia safe for dogs and cats?
Magnolia species are not listed as toxic to dogs and cats by major animal poison sources. Large ingestions of plant material can cause mild stomach upset so contact poison control or a veterinarian if consumption occurs.
How do I propagate Magnolia?
Use seed, grafting, semi ripe cuttings or air layering. Cultivars are usually grafted to keep specific traits. Semi ripe cuttings benefit from rooting hormone and controlled humidity or bottom heat.

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