Oleander

Nerium oleander

Oleander is an evergreen flowering shrub used for hedges and warm climate landscapes. All parts are highly poisonous so handle with care.

Key Facts

  • Evergreen multi-stemmed shrub or small tree with glossy, lanceolate leaves
  • Clusters of tubular flowers in colors that include white, pink and red
  • Native to the Mediterranean region and widely cultivated in warm climates
  • Valued as a hedge, screen or specimen plant for warm temperate landscapes
  • Tolerant of drought and salt exposure once established
  • Prefers well drained soils and performs poorly in waterlogged conditions
  • All parts of the plant are highly poisonous if ingested
  • Propagated easily from semi-hardwood cuttings

Oleander (Nerium oleander) is an evergreen multi stemmed shrub or small tree valued as a hedge, screen or specimen in warm climates. It bears clusters of tubular flowers in white, pink and red while all parts remain highly poisonous.

Identification

Glossy, lanceolate leaves grow on multiple stems and clusters of tubular flowers appear in late spring into summer and sometimes into fall in warm climates. Typical mature size is 6 to 12 ft tall with a similar spread and some plants reach greater heights in frost free locations.

Where to grow and common uses

Oleander suits warm temperate landscapes and is commonly listed as hardy roughly in USDA zones 8 to 10. It is used for formal hedges, privacy screens and as a specimen where heat and sun are reliable. The plant tolerates drought and some salt exposure once established but check local extension guidance before planting next to salt water spray.

Light and soil

Full sun produces the best flowering while light afternoon shade reduces bloom but does not prevent growth. Prefers well drained loam to sandy soils and tolerates poor and alkaline soils. Waterlogged conditions cause root decline and poor plant health.

Planting and spacing

Set the root ball so the top is level with the finished soil surface and firm soil around roots. Space plants about 6 to 10 ft apart for a dense hedge or allow room for a single specimen at the larger end of that range. Plant during the warm part of the growing season so roots can establish before cold weather arrives in your area.

Watering and effects of moisture

Provide regular water until plants are established then reduce to drought tolerant levels. Persistent wet soil leads to root decline and poor overall vigor while good drainage encourages steady growth and flowering.

After flowering care

Prune to shape and remove dead wood after flowering to maintain density and control size. In colder areas avoid heavy late season pruning that could expose fresh growth to frost damage.

Propagation

Oleander roots readily from semi hardwood cuttings which produce true to type plants. Seed and layering are possible but cuttings are fastest for a known cultivar. Wear gloves and avoid ingesting plant material when taking cuttings.

Toxicity and handling

All parts of oleander are highly poisonous and contain cardiac glycosides that can cause serious cardiac and gastrointestinal symptoms if ingested. Handling may cause skin irritation. Keep plants away from children and pets and post your local poison control contact on consumer facing pages.

Controlling size

Regular pruning controls height and spread and prevents plants from becoming leggy. In frost free climates expect larger specimens and consider a maintenance plan if you want a formal hedge or constrained specimen.

Frequently asked questions

How fast does Oleander grow?
Growth rate varies with climate soil and care. Plants commonly reach the typical mature size of 6 to 12 ft and grow faster in warm, well drained sites.
Is Oleander poisonous?
Yes. All parts are highly poisonous if ingested and handling can cause skin irritation. Keep away from children and pets.
When does Oleander bloom?
Flowering is mainly late spring into summer and can extend into fall in mild climates.
What soil does Oleander prefer?
Oleander prefers well drained loam to sandy soils and tolerates poor and alkaline soils. Avoid waterlogged ground.
How do I propagate Oleander?
Propagate by semi hardwood cuttings for the quickest, true to type plants. Wear gloves and handle cuttings with care due to toxicity.

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